Elastance is a measure of chamber stiffness, and thus Ees reflects the extent to which a heart stiffens during contraction. Effective arterial elastance 9 (Ea) is a measure of afterload ...

LV pressure increases with states that increase “afterload” of the heart including systemic hypertension and aortic valve stenosis. LV radius increases in valvular heart disease (especially ...

This results in blood that was pooled in the legs returning to the heart, increasing left ventricular ... and thus increased afterload. Elderly individuals may have a hard time with this maneuver ...