In-line buffer management markedly reduced the production bottlenecks and manufacturing costs inherent in biopharmaceutical manufacturing. Additional cost reductions are possible, however, by ...

Identify the independent (manipulated) and dependent (responding) variables in a scientific investigation. Draw conclusions about the relationship between two variables using quantitative data.

This lab includes a theoretical explanation of how buffers work and how they are made, including a derivation of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Students will use what they have learned to ...