Yet only “Gray Tree” has scale-invariant branch diameters. When Mondrian removes the scale invariance in “Blooming Apple Tree ...

Researchers found a hidden mathematical rule in tree-like art. Branch thickness follows a predictable ratio, making trees ...

The authors begin with Leonardo da Vinci's observation that trees limbs preserve their thickness as they branch. The parameter α, known as the radius scaling exponent in self-similar branching ...