The upper layers of Venus’s atmosphere become ionized due to solar radiation, and this ionized layer, and the magnetic field resulting from the motion of the charged particles within it ...

WHEN a radio wave passes through an un-ionized medium its ray path is rectilinear. On passing through such ionized layers, which usually surround the Earth, its trajectory is satisfactorily ...

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¶At night the two top layers, F¹, and F², merge into one. ¶The top layer, F², is “strongly heated” where the sun enters it vertically. From that point winds of heat-expanded air blow out ...

Scientists have released the closest images ever to the sun, captured by NASA’s Parker Solar Probe flying 3.8 million miles ...

Since the ionized layers are caused by ultraviolet light from the sun, they presumably change their character when the moon’s shadow knocks a hole in the sun’s radiation.

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Radio waves that interact with electrons in the ionized layers lose energy due to more frequent collisions, and this can lead to radio signals becoming degraded or completely absorbed.

An active region of the Sun, known as sunspot 4114, has just produced an X1.9-class flare. This event, which occurred on June 19, had an impact on Earth and our communications. X-class solar flares ...

ICON, depicted in this artist's concept, will study the ionosphere from a height of about 350 miles to understand how the combined effects of terrestrial weather and space weather influence this ...