Microbiota samples from the proventriculus (n=38), cloaca (n=39) and faeces (n=10) were collected from across the forty adult shags with diversity and microbiota composition assessed using ...

Transmissible viral proventriculitis (TVP) is a disease of chickens, mostly in broilers of 2–8 wk of age. Chicken proventricular necrosis virus (CPNV), a birnavirus, is the etiologic agent.

The proventriculus is a stomach-like organ that softens food using acids and digestive enzymes. The gizzard is a compartment with thick, muscular walls that grinds food.