Thoracic surgeons specialize in treating disorders of the heart, lungs, esophagus, ... as well as the bony structures and tissues that form and support the chest cavity. ...

"Your thoracic cavity (chest cavity) is a space inside your thorax (chest) that contains your heart, lungs and other organs and tissues," according to ClevelandClinic.org.

Pleural effusion, also called water on the lung, happens when fluid builds up in the space between your lungs and chest cavity. You may have symptoms, such as chest pain, depending on the cause ...

Both the cancer-ridden lungs and lymph nodes of patients with advanced cancers need to be removed. Surgeons must wash the airways and chest cavity to clear away the cancer before putting in new lungs.