Karen Yeates and associates,1 in their article on the management of hyponatremia, use the terms “serum osmolality” and “tonicity” interchangeably, a common practice. Although there is not a major ...

Water is the most abundant compound in the body with unique physicochemical characteristics. There is increasing evidence that even mild dehydration, defined as a 1–2% loss in body mass caused by ...

Bedside caregivers need rapid access to resources that quantify and describe the properties, such as osmolality, pH, and chemical composition, of IV solutions and medications to assure correct ...