Osmolality is the concentration of all particles in a fluid. For example, thick, sugary syrup has significantly higher osmolality than a cup of water with just a pinch of sugar. The urine osmolality ...

IN a previous report 1 metabolic studies were presented on 2 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma and normal renal and adrenal function, who were found to have severe hyponatremia with renal sodium ...

I have a 95 year old nursing home patient (Jessie) with a serum sodium level of 128. What could be causing this and how should it be treated? Most of the water in the body is in the cells. If water ...

When all other potential causes of hyponatremia have been ruled out ( Table 1), differentiation between CSW and SIADH should occur in the patient with SAH. Hyponatremia alone is not a reliable ...

The diagnosis of hyponatremia involves assessing levels of sodium in the blood. A healthy sodium level is between 135 and 145 mmol/l and a person is considered to be hyponatremic if the level falls to ...

Potassium. If the patient is hypokalemic, administration of potassium will help increase the serum sodium concentration. Hourly IV “runs” of potassium chloride 10 mmol in 100 mL of normal saline, ...

Dr. Reema Kashiva, a Senior Physician from Noble Hospital, Pune, says, "Hyponatremia is a condition in which blood has lower sodium levels than the normal. There are different causes behind this.

Richard H. Sterns, MD Hyponatremia may be the most common electrolyte disturbance seen in hospitalized patients. It is the most likely to lead to permanent or lethal complications if treated ...