Researchers have identified how thyroxine, a human thyroid hormone, can positively influence the life-critical calcification ...

Mitochondria are the body's "energy factories," and their proper function is essential for life. Inside mitochondria, a set ...

Greenland sharks live for centuries with slow heartbeats and metabolism. Scientists study their longevity secrets.

Vertebrates (animals with vertebrae) constitute a large group of animals including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. A remarkable stage in their evolution was the transition from ...

Anxiety, the psychological and physiological state characterized by an anticipation of potential threats and a heightened ...

My, what small teeth they had. A newfound treasure trove of ancient fish fossils unearthed in southern China is opening a window into the earliest history of jawed vertebrates — a group that ...

Fish: Vertebrates that live in water and breathe using gills; Fish are defined as vertebrates (meaning they have a backbone) that live in water and use gills to breathe.

A new fossil study reveals that teeth began as skin sensors, helping explain why modern teeth still react painfully to cold ...

For human beings and 99.8% of our fellow vertebrates, having jaws is an integral part of life. Just try eating a taco without them. But, like everything else in our bodies, jaws had to start ...

The night lizards may have been the only terrestrial vertebrates that survived in the region of the asteroid impact 66 ...

Drift outside the realm of vertebrates, however, and you can generate an intelligent brain in much weirder ways—from our perspective, anyway. “It’s a Wild West,” she said.

Myelin appears suddenly in vertebrates, animals with backbones that arose 500 million years ago. Not a trace of it is found in the ancestral line that preceded the arrival of vertebrates.