1. Introduction -- 2. From Julius Caesar to simple substitution -- 3. Polyalphabetic systems -- 4. Jigsaw ciphers -- 5. Two-letter ciphers -- 6. Codes -- 7. Ciphers for spies -- 8. Producing random ...

Introduction: A revolutionary cipher -- Cryptology before 1500: a bit of magic -- The black chambers: 1500-1776 -- Crypto goes to war: the American Revolution -- Crypto goes to war: the American Civil ...

"One of the weapons originating from the Two Fingers. A formless sequence of ciphers comprise its blade, and as such no shield can repel it. Deals holy damage. The furtive inscription appears to hang ...

Khadija Khartit is a strategy, investment, and funding expert, and an educator of fintech and strategic finance in top universities. She has been an investor, entrepreneur, and advisor for more than ...

Genome assembly algorithms are sets of well defined procedures for reconstructing DNA sequences from large numbers of shorter DNA sequence fragments. Fragments are aligned against one another and ...

James Chen, CMT is an expert trader, investment adviser, and global market strategist. Gordon Scott has been an active investor and technical analyst or 20+ years. He is a Chartered Market Technician ...

Chiara Cavaglieri, Which? banking expert, says: I’ve never felt unsafe using online banking or mobile banking apps, despite many years spent researching threats. Headlines about criminals using AI to ...