Cryptorchism is one of the few well-described risk factors for testicular cancer. It has been suggested that both conditions are related to increased in utero estrogen exposure. The evidence ...

Infertility due to non-obstructive azoospermia is a common diagnosis in infertile male dogs. Chronic asymptomatic orchitis (CAO) has been postulated as a significant cause of non-obstructive ...

Specific antibody response to protein antigens were normal, pneumococcal polysaccharide antigen response was impaired. One patient had cryptorchism, hypogonadism, early tooth loss, hypothyroidism and ...