A variety of organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and plants, produce secondary metabolites, also known as natural products. Natural products have been a prolific source and an inspiration for numerous ...

Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in host defense against infections and regulates the innate and acquired immune response. IL-18 is produced by both hematopoietic ...

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Despite some increase, a small amount of by-product dinitrobenzene was also detected. Therefore, in order to obtain a high yield and easy purification, the molar ratio of nitric acid to benzene was ...

Unreacted HDDA was removed by precipitation in pentane with heavy stirring. The pendant double bond (PDB) concentration of each oligomer was determined using the same 1 H NMR conditions as described ...