Mitochondria are the body's "energy factories," and their proper function is essential for life. Inside mitochondria, a set ...

Greenland sharks live for centuries with slow heartbeats and metabolism. Scientists study their longevity secrets.

A new fossil study reveals that teeth began as skin sensors, helping explain why modern teeth still react painfully to cold ...

My, what small teeth they had. A newfound treasure trove of ancient fish fossils unearthed in southern China is opening a window into the earliest history of jawed vertebrates — a group that ...

Vertebrates (animals with vertebrae) constitute a large group of animals including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. A remarkable stage in their evolution was the transition from ...

A new study provides many new insights into the biology of the prehistoric gigantic shark megalodon (megatooth shark), which lived nearly worldwide 15–3.6 million years ago. Paleobiology professor ...

Myelin appears suddenly in vertebrates, animals with backbones that arose 500 million years ago. Not a trace of it is found in the ancestral line that preceded the arrival of vertebrates.

Fish: Vertebrates that live in water and breathe using gills; Fish are defined as vertebrates (meaning they have a backbone) that live in water and use gills to breathe.

Anxiety, the psychological and physiological state characterized by an anticipation of potential threats and a heightened ...

Drift outside the realm of vertebrates, however, and you can generate an intelligent brain in much weirder ways—from our perspective, anyway. “It’s a Wild West,” she said.

The night lizards may have been the only terrestrial vertebrates that survived in the region of the asteroid impact 66 ...

For human beings and 99.8% of our fellow vertebrates, having jaws is an integral part of life. Just try eating a taco without them. But, like everything else in our bodies, jaws had to start ...