1 Department of General Surgery, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, UK 2 Department of Cardiothoracic, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, UK 3 Department of Thoracics, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, ...

Background: The vertical median skin scar associated with median sternotomy, a standard approach for most cardiac surgeries, can cause psychological distress in patients, particularly depression and ...

Purpose To assess the feasibility of thoracoscopic transdiaphragmatic approach for biopsy of all lung lobes and to determine the optimal intercostal space (ICS) for biopsy of each lung lobe. Methods ...