In early September 1941, the German Wehrmacht was advancing on all fronts in the Soviet Union. Kyiv had fallen, the Smolensk ...

On the second day of Operation Barbarossa, Germany’s invasion of Russia in June 1941, a glaring weakness in German weaponry was exposed. In Ukraine, General Mikhail Kirponos unleashed the formidable T ...

By the fall of 1941, the German Army seemed invincible. Operation Barbarossa had shattered Soviet defenses, capturing 600,000 prisoners, and destroying thousands of tanks. Victory seemed inevitable.

For much of the modern era, the Middle East has occupied centre stage in global geopolitics, owing to its strategic geography ...