This ancient reptile’s jawbone was unearthed in Arizona in 2011 and was confirmed to be a new species with the aid of modern ...

Researchers have identified how thyroxine, a human thyroid hormone, can positively influence the life-critical calcification ...

Key Takeaways on the Tully Monster The Tully monster lived before the dinosaurs 300 million years ago and had a fish-like ...

Greenland sharks live for centuries with slow heartbeats and metabolism. Scientists study their longevity secrets.

Mitochondria are the body's "energy factories," and their proper function is essential for life. Inside mitochondria, a set ...

Study results advance understanding of how human cells evolved and could help point to new solutions for patients with rare genetic diseases.

Mitochondria are the body's "energy factories," and their proper function is essential for life. Inside mitochondria, a set ...

Water and air pose completely different challenges to animals on a number of levels.

Lateral and dorsal views of three-dimensional renderings from high-resolution X-ray scans of zebrafish, bichir, lungfish, axolotl, newt, and lizard. The reconstructions show the anterior skeleton of ...

Myelin appears suddenly in vertebrates, animals with backbones that arose 500 million years ago. Not a trace of it is found in the ancestral line that preceded the arrival of vertebrates.

The intention of this Research Topic is to join experts in endocrinology, anatomy, physiology, and zoology who can provide a contribution on the endocrine stress response of vertebrates or the ...

A 2022 study speculated that physical limitations for animals with internal skeletons (vertebrates) hit at around 6 millimeters. Beneath this threshold it becomes challenging to fit enough cell types ...