Fish rank as the most diverse group of vertebrates in the world. Scientists recognize over 37,000 distinct species, with many more waiting to be discovered. Most fish fall into the ray-finned group of ...

This ancient reptile’s jawbone was unearthed in Arizona in 2011 and was confirmed to be a new species with the aid of modern ...

Researchers have identified how thyroxine, a human thyroid hormone, can positively influence the life-critical calcification ...

Few predators swallow their prey whole. Even fewer can digest their meals with bones and all. But for some reptiles like the ...

Greenland sharks live for centuries with slow heartbeats and metabolism. Scientists study their longevity secrets.

Mitochondria are the body's "energy factories," and their proper function is essential for life. Inside mitochondria, a set ...

Mitochondria are the body's "energy factories," and their proper function is essential for life. Inside mitochondria, a set ...

Water and air pose completely different challenges to animals on a number of levels.

Lateral and dorsal views of three-dimensional renderings from high-resolution X-ray scans of zebrafish, bichir, lungfish, axolotl, newt, and lizard. The reconstructions show the anterior skeleton of ...

Myelin appears suddenly in vertebrates, animals with backbones that arose 500 million years ago. Not a trace of it is found in the ancestral line that preceded the arrival of vertebrates.

The intention of this Research Topic is to join experts in endocrinology, anatomy, physiology, and zoology who can provide a contribution on the endocrine stress response of vertebrates or the ...

A 2022 study speculated that physical limitations for animals with internal skeletons (vertebrates) hit at around 6 millimeters. Beneath this threshold it becomes challenging to fit enough cell types ...