Beech bark disease is a disease that causes mortality and defects in beech trees in the eastern United States, Canada and Europe. [1][2][3] In North America, the disease occurs after extensive bark invasion by Xylococculus betulae and the beech scale insect, Cryptococcus fagisuga. [4] .

2019年11月14日 · A mysterious disease is starting to kill American beeches, one of eastern North America's most important trees, and has spread rapidly from the Great Lakes to New England. But scientists disagree about what is causing the ailment, dubbed beech leaf disease.

American Beech Fagus grandifolia Beech family (Fagaceae) Description: This tree is about 60-100' tall, forming a trunk about 1½–4' across and an ovoid crown. In open areas, the trunk is typically short and stout, while the crown is large. In forested areas, the trunk is long and limbless, while the crown is smaller in size.

Beech bark disease (BBD) is a devastating disease of American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) caused by a combination of damage to the bark and vascular tissue by the beech scale insect (Cryptococcus fagisuga), followed by infection with several fungal species (Neonectria faginata, Neonectria ditissima, and Bionectria ochroleuca).

2024年12月21日 · However, a new threat, beech leaf disease (BLD), is now posing a threat to American beech trees. BLD is caused by a nematode, Litylenchus crenatae ssp. mccannii, which damages leaf buds, leading to leaf loss, canopy thinning, and damage to the tree’s structure.

2022年7月1日 · Beech bark disease is transforming beech forests in northeastern North America – and it’s not the only threat. Two new imported pests also attack beech trees. Beech leaf disease was discovered in 2014 near Cleveland, Ohio, and has since spread to New York and southern New England 5. It appears to be caused by a foliar nematode, a ...

2017年6月15日 · American beech (Fagus grandifolia) in the eastern United States and Canada has experienced more than a century of mortality under a steady expansion of disease agents collectively causing beech bark disease (BBD).

2017年3月14日 · The natural history of the American beech and the onslaught of BBD during the last century will be covered, followed by the potential effects of a changing climate on BBD-infested forests. Evidence from models of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and other host-pathogen systems will supplement data directly gathered to evaluate BBD in American ...

Beech bark disease refers to a complex that consists of a sap-feeding scale insect and at least two species of Nectria fungi. Beech bark disease begins when American beech (Fagus grandifolia) becomes infested with beech scale (Cryptococcus …

2019年7月24日 · Beech bark disease was killing European beech (Fagus sylvatica) before 1849, but it was not until 1914 that the disease complex was discovered and the Nectria fungus identified. In 1890, the disease arrived in North America via Nova Scotia, and, by 1932, the scale-fungal complex had spread to Maine and Massachusetts (Houston 1975).